The lapidary process is the art of transforming rough gemstones into polished, high-quality gems through a series of precise steps. It begins with the careful selection of raw stones based on clarity, color, and structural integrity. The gemstone is then marked and cut using a diamond saw to remove excess material while maximizing its yield. Next, the stone undergoes preforming, where it is shaped into its intended form, whether as a faceted gemstone with multiple light-reflecting surfaces or a smooth, rounded cabochon. This is followed by grinding and sanding to refine the shape and prepare the surface for polishing.